This diagram shows the LHCb detector.
Protons arriving from the left and right collide in the vertex detector (yellow, on the far left). The ability to reconstruct the B production and decay vertices is vital. Information from the vertex detector is also used in the trigger, to reject background decays.
The two RICH detectors are essential for particle identification, in particular to distinguish between pions and kaons in the final state. Two detectors are needed to cover the whole momentum range.
The momentum of charged particles can be measured by the amount they are deflected in the magnetic field. The tracking detectors find this by providing efficient track reconstruction.
The electromagnetic, hadron and muon calorimeters (on the right) measure the energy and position of charged and neutral particles. The ECAL will enable the reconstruction of photons and pi-zero mesons.
Detailed technical reports are available on the LHCb website